Global Circulation

Three-cell model of the general circulation of the atmosphere

This section begins with a review of the general principles of atmospheric motion. An overview of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean is presented including stratospheric general circulation. Special emphasis is given to the Hadley circulation including its maintenance, seasonal migration, northern and southern hemispheric differences, and the contrast between tropical and midlatitude wind systems. Tropical circulations are examined in a theoretical framework as responses to heating at the equator. Monsoons, their conceptual models, seasonal evolution, and variability are explored with special emphasis given to the West African Monsoon.

Forecasting in the tropics is strongly influenced by the effect of intense surface heating on the general circulation of the atmosphere and seasonal prevailing winds. A good understanding of the general circulation in the tropics will help you to develop forecasts that reflect the general pattern expected with modifications based on emerging weather conditions.

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